中国药用真菌名录及部分名称的修订
A revised checklist of medicinal fungi in China
DAI Yu-Cheng ; YANG Zhu-Liang
Abstract: More and more people have recently payed their attention to studies or investigations on medicinal fungi in China. However, many nomenclatural inconsistencies were found in the Chinese reports. The publications on Chinese medicinal fungi were critically reviewed. As a result, 473 medicinal fungi from China were enumerated in the present checklist. All of the names were checked or revised in accordance with the contemporary taxonomy and the latest version of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code). The ‘out-of-date’ names, ill-names, and un-existed names and misapplied names in the previous reports were revised. The common synonyms were listed after their valid names. The main medicinal functions of each species, together with the original or important references, were provided.
Key words: medicinal fungi, Latin name, nomenclature
菌物掌报 (Mycosystema) 15 November 2008. 27(6)：801—824
Full list of the Latin names and the main medicinal functions [Google translated]
Friday, 30 November 2012
Methods for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from the soil environment
by Nicolai V. Meyling
Summary
Descriptions of methods and recommendation of laboratory procedures for the isolation of
soil borne entomopathogenic fungi (specifically Beauveria spp. and M. anisopliae) are
presented. For screening of occurrences of indigenous populations of entomopathogenic fungi
the insect bait method is recommended. Further recommendations are: 1) Collect sufficient
number of soil samples to cover the area of investigation; 2) if the bait method is used, apply
sufficient individuals of bait insects to each sample to increase the likelihood of isolating the
fungi present. Descriptions of isolation methods, statistical analyses of the data and
preparation of media and bait insects are given.
http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://orgprints.org/11200/1/11200.pdf
Summary
Descriptions of methods and recommendation of laboratory procedures for the isolation of
soil borne entomopathogenic fungi (specifically Beauveria spp. and M. anisopliae) are
presented. For screening of occurrences of indigenous populations of entomopathogenic fungi
the insect bait method is recommended. Further recommendations are: 1) Collect sufficient
number of soil samples to cover the area of investigation; 2) if the bait method is used, apply
sufficient individuals of bait insects to each sample to increase the likelihood of isolating the
fungi present. Descriptions of isolation methods, statistical analyses of the data and
preparation of media and bait insects are given.
http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://orgprints.org/11200/1/11200.pdf
Thursday, 29 November 2012
Selective Media for Isolation of Entomogenous Fungi
(from: Bioassays of Entomopathogenic Microbes and Nematodes CABI)
Veen’s agar medium (1 l) (Veen and Ferron, 1966)
35 g Mycological agar (Difco) or 10 g Oxoid neutralized soya peptone, 10 g
dextrose, 15 g No. 1. agar (or Bacto-agar), 1 g chloramphenicol (store 4°C),
and 0.5 g cycloheximide (= Actidione; store 4°C). Add 1 l distilled water, stir,
and cover. Autoclave for 10–15 min at 18–20 psi. Cool to c. 52°C and pour
plates in laminar flow cabinet.
Oatmeal dodine agar (Beilharz et al., 1982)
1. Antibiotic stock solution: add 4 g penicillin G (Sigma) and 10g streptomycin
sulphate (Sigma) to 40 ml sterile distilled water under sterile conditions.
Store at 4°C.
2. Crystal violet stock solution: add 0.1 g crystal violet (Sigma) to 200 ml distilled
water. Store in the dark.
3. Add 17.5 g oatmeal agar (Difco) and 2.5 g agar (Fisons) slowly to 0.5 l
distilled water while stirring vigorously and heat to boil.
4. Add 0.5 ml of the fungicide dodine (N-dodecylguanidine monoacetate;
Cyprex 65WP, American Cyanamid Co.) and 5 ml crystal violet stock solution
to the medium.
5. Autoclave for 20 min at 15 psi.
6. Allow medium to cool to 50–55°C and add 2 ml of antibiotic stock solution
under sterile conditions.
7. Swirl flask well to ensure thorough mixing of compounds and pour while
warm. There should be enough media for twenty 9-cm diameter Petri
dishes.
Selective agar medium (1 l) (Kerry et al., 1993)
37.5 mg carbendazim, 37.5 mg thiabendazole, 75 mg rose bengal, 17.5 g
NaCl, 50 mg each of streptomycin sulphate, aureomycin and chloramphenicol,
3 ml Triton X-100, and 17 g corn meal agar (Oxoid) in 1 l distilled water.
This medium is appropriate for selecting some Paecilomyces spp. and
Verticillium spp. from soil.
Paecilomyces lilicanus medium (Mitchell et al., 1987)
To prepare 1 l of medium, mix the following: 39 g PDA, 10–30 g NaCl, 1 g
Tergitol, 500 mg pentachloronitrobenzene, 500 mg benomyl, 100 mg streptomycin
sulphate, and 50 mg chlorotetracycline hydrochloride.
Wheat germ based selective agar medium (1 l) (Sneh, 1991)
1. Prepare an aqueous extract of wheat germ – mix 30 g wheat germ in 1 l
water, autoclave for 10 min and filter through four layers of cheesecloth.
2. Mix wheat germ extract (1 l) with 0.25 g chloramphenicol (heat stable) +
0.8 mg benlate (50% benomyl), 0.3 g dodine (65% n-dodecyl-guanidine
acetate), 10 mg crystal violet and 15 g agar.
3. Autoclave and pour into plates.
Copper-based selective agar medium (1 l) (Baath, 1991)
2% malt extract (Oxoid), 1.5% Agar (Difco) amended with 2–4 mg
CuSO4·5H2O per litre. Cordyceps militaris and Paecilomyces farinosus are
tolerant of high Cu levels (400 mg/L, followed by Metarhizium anisopliae
and Beauveria bassiana. Most other soil-borne fungi including
nematophagous species of Verticillium were less tolerant.
Veen’s agar medium (1 l) (Veen and Ferron, 1966)
35 g Mycological agar (Difco) or 10 g Oxoid neutralized soya peptone, 10 g
dextrose, 15 g No. 1. agar (or Bacto-agar), 1 g chloramphenicol (store 4°C),
and 0.5 g cycloheximide (= Actidione; store 4°C). Add 1 l distilled water, stir,
and cover. Autoclave for 10–15 min at 18–20 psi. Cool to c. 52°C and pour
plates in laminar flow cabinet.
Oatmeal dodine agar (Beilharz et al., 1982)
1. Antibiotic stock solution: add 4 g penicillin G (Sigma) and 10g streptomycin
sulphate (Sigma) to 40 ml sterile distilled water under sterile conditions.
Store at 4°C.
2. Crystal violet stock solution: add 0.1 g crystal violet (Sigma) to 200 ml distilled
water. Store in the dark.
3. Add 17.5 g oatmeal agar (Difco) and 2.5 g agar (Fisons) slowly to 0.5 l
distilled water while stirring vigorously and heat to boil.
4. Add 0.5 ml of the fungicide dodine (N-dodecylguanidine monoacetate;
Cyprex 65WP, American Cyanamid Co.) and 5 ml crystal violet stock solution
to the medium.
5. Autoclave for 20 min at 15 psi.
6. Allow medium to cool to 50–55°C and add 2 ml of antibiotic stock solution
under sterile conditions.
7. Swirl flask well to ensure thorough mixing of compounds and pour while
warm. There should be enough media for twenty 9-cm diameter Petri
dishes.
Selective agar medium (1 l) (Kerry et al., 1993)
37.5 mg carbendazim, 37.5 mg thiabendazole, 75 mg rose bengal, 17.5 g
NaCl, 50 mg each of streptomycin sulphate, aureomycin and chloramphenicol,
3 ml Triton X-100, and 17 g corn meal agar (Oxoid) in 1 l distilled water.
This medium is appropriate for selecting some Paecilomyces spp. and
Verticillium spp. from soil.
Paecilomyces lilicanus medium (Mitchell et al., 1987)
To prepare 1 l of medium, mix the following: 39 g PDA, 10–30 g NaCl, 1 g
Tergitol, 500 mg pentachloronitrobenzene, 500 mg benomyl, 100 mg streptomycin
sulphate, and 50 mg chlorotetracycline hydrochloride.
Wheat germ based selective agar medium (1 l) (Sneh, 1991)
1. Prepare an aqueous extract of wheat germ – mix 30 g wheat germ in 1 l
water, autoclave for 10 min and filter through four layers of cheesecloth.
2. Mix wheat germ extract (1 l) with 0.25 g chloramphenicol (heat stable) +
0.8 mg benlate (50% benomyl), 0.3 g dodine (65% n-dodecyl-guanidine
acetate), 10 mg crystal violet and 15 g agar.
3. Autoclave and pour into plates.
Copper-based selective agar medium (1 l) (Baath, 1991)
2% malt extract (Oxoid), 1.5% Agar (Difco) amended with 2–4 mg
CuSO4·5H2O per litre. Cordyceps militaris and Paecilomyces farinosus are
tolerant of high Cu levels (400 mg/L, followed by Metarhizium anisopliae
and Beauveria bassiana. Most other soil-borne fungi including
nematophagous species of Verticillium were less tolerant.
Monday, 26 November 2012
Speeker's Corner was broken
The main domain http://www.speeker.tk is gone for good now, but it's "mirror" address is still working, at: http://speeker.freehostia.com
Though that free hosting service Freehostia was just down a moment ago, so this might be a good time to consider this blog as an alternative to a website.
Update: The main domain http://www.speeker.tk works again! Thank you dot.tk for your great free service!
Wednesday, 21 November 2012
Saturday, 17 November 2012
[Wealth] trades of the morel (20120419) - [生财有道]人工种出羊肚菌
羊肚菌是一种珍稀名贵的食用菌，它生长在大山森林之中，一年只长一次。由于受地区条件限制，产量很少，采集十分困难，而且羊肚菌在山上不易被人们发现。由于它功能齐全，香味独特，食效显著，价格相当昂贵，有“素中之荤”的美称。四川绵阳的刘学文2008年开始试验种植羊肚菌，培育出了曾经被认为不可能栽培成功的羊肚菌。小小羊肚菌给他每年带来了上百万的财富。
The morel is a rare and valuable edible fungus, which grows in the forests of the mountains, only a year long time. Due to regional conditions, low production, acquisition is very difficult in the mountains, and morel can not easily be found. Because it is fully functional, unique flavor, food efficiency significantly, the price is quite expensive, "factor in the meat" reputation. Mianyang, Sichuan Province, Liu Xuewen 2008 test planting Morels Morels breed once thought to be impossible cultivated successfully. Little morel give him a year has brought a wealth of millions.
[Google translated]
Watch the video
The morel is a rare and valuable edible fungus, which grows in the forests of the mountains, only a year long time. Due to regional conditions, low production, acquisition is very difficult in the mountains, and morel can not easily be found. Because it is fully functional, unique flavor, food efficiency significantly, the price is quite expensive, "factor in the meat" reputation. Mianyang, Sichuan Province, Liu Xuewen 2008 test planting Morels Morels breed once thought to be impossible cultivated successfully. Little morel give him a year has brought a wealth of millions.
[Google translated]
Watch the video